{
  "measured_at": "2026-07-25",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "environment": "One production plori agent on the live cluster (Vultr, sea region), measured from inside the agent's own shell. tier=persistent is /workspace, the agent's orlop FUSE disk (object storage for data, Redis for metadata), which survives sleep, wake and pod replacement. tier=ephemeral is /tmp, the same container's writable layer (overlayfs on the node's local ext4), which dies with the container. Same pod, same node, same minutes.",
  "method": {
    "rounds": "phase=rounds: five repeated rounds of scripts/bench/disk-sample.sh. Per round and per tier: a 64 MiB dd write with conv=fsync, an O_DIRECT read, a warm read, then create/walk/delete of 200 files of 4096 bytes each, wall-timed with date +%s%N around the whole loop including an explicit sync.",
    "sweep": "phase=sweep: a durable sequential write sweep at 64/256/1024 MiB, dd conv=fsync followed by an explicit sync, wall-timed around both. Added specifically because the per-round write figure turned out to measure the client write buffer rather than the disk.",
    "tooling": "dd and shell arithmetic only. The image has no fio, no python3 and no time(1), and installing a benchmark toolchain into the image would change the image being measured."
  },
  "reported_metrics": [
    "small_create_files_per_s",
    "small_walk_ms",
    "small_delete_ms",
    "durable_write_mbps (1024 MiB row)"
  ],
  "excluded_metrics": {
    "seq_write_mbps": "Published but NOT reported. Round 1 measured 28.6 MB/s on the persistent tier and rounds 2-5 measured 306-351 MB/s; a 12x spread across identical rounds is the client write buffer warming, not the disk. Superseded by phase=sweep.",
    "seq_read_direct_mbps / seq_read_warm_mbps": "Published but NOT reported. On the persistent tier the O_DIRECT read (~103 MB/s) came out ~8x FASTER than the warm read (~13 MB/s), which is not physically coherent, so at least one is measuring something other than its name."
  },
  "samples": [
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "seq_write_mbps",
      "value": 28.6,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "seq_read_direct_mbps",
      "value": 106.0,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "seq_read_warm_mbps",
      "value": 13.2,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_create_ms",
      "value": 1612.5,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_create_files_per_s",
      "value": 124.0,
      "unit": "files/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_walk_ms",
      "value": 69.1,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_walk_count",
      "value": 200.0,
      "unit": "files"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_delete_ms",
      "value": 935.2,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "seq_write_mbps",
      "value": 717.0,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "seq_read_direct_mbps",
      "value": 1331.2,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "seq_read_warm_mbps",
      "value": 8806.4,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_create_ms",
      "value": 172.2,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_create_files_per_s",
      "value": 1161.8,
      "unit": "files/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_walk_ms",
      "value": 5.1,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_walk_count",
      "value": 200.0,
      "unit": "files"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "1",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_delete_ms",
      "value": 7.1,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "seq_write_mbps",
      "value": 351.0,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "seq_read_direct_mbps",
      "value": 100.0,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "seq_read_warm_mbps",
      "value": 12.8,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_create_ms",
      "value": 1735.5,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_create_files_per_s",
      "value": 115.2,
      "unit": "files/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_walk_ms",
      "value": 62.9,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_walk_count",
      "value": 200.0,
      "unit": "files"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_delete_ms",
      "value": 699.3,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "seq_write_mbps",
      "value": 696.0,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "seq_read_direct_mbps",
      "value": 1228.8,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "seq_read_warm_mbps",
      "value": 8601.6,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_create_ms",
      "value": 229.8,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_create_files_per_s",
      "value": 870.4,
      "unit": "files/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_walk_ms",
      "value": 4.3,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_walk_count",
      "value": 200.0,
      "unit": "files"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "2",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_delete_ms",
      "value": 6.5,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "seq_write_mbps",
      "value": 344.0,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "seq_read_direct_mbps",
      "value": 99.1,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "seq_read_warm_mbps",
      "value": 10.6,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_create_ms",
      "value": 1737.4,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_create_files_per_s",
      "value": 115.1,
      "unit": "files/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_walk_ms",
      "value": 61.0,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_walk_count",
      "value": 200.0,
      "unit": "files"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_delete_ms",
      "value": 763.5,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "seq_write_mbps",
      "value": 702.0,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "seq_read_direct_mbps",
      "value": 1433.6,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "seq_read_warm_mbps",
      "value": 10547.2,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_create_ms",
      "value": 168.0,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_create_files_per_s",
      "value": 1190.1,
      "unit": "files/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_walk_ms",
      "value": 4.0,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_walk_count",
      "value": 200.0,
      "unit": "files"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "3",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_delete_ms",
      "value": 7.2,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "seq_write_mbps",
      "value": 306.0,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "seq_read_direct_mbps",
      "value": 103.0,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "seq_read_warm_mbps",
      "value": 12.3,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_create_ms",
      "value": 1919.9,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_create_files_per_s",
      "value": 104.2,
      "unit": "files/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_walk_ms",
      "value": 84.5,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_walk_count",
      "value": 200.0,
      "unit": "files"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_delete_ms",
      "value": 856.8,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "seq_write_mbps",
      "value": 720.0,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "seq_read_direct_mbps",
      "value": 1331.2,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "seq_read_warm_mbps",
      "value": 8294.4,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_create_ms",
      "value": 197.7,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_create_files_per_s",
      "value": 1011.5,
      "unit": "files/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_walk_ms",
      "value": 4.6,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_walk_count",
      "value": 200.0,
      "unit": "files"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "4",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_delete_ms",
      "value": 6.9,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "seq_write_mbps",
      "value": 334.0,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "seq_read_direct_mbps",
      "value": 109.0,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "seq_read_warm_mbps",
      "value": 13.6,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_create_ms",
      "value": 1712.3,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_create_files_per_s",
      "value": 116.8,
      "unit": "files/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_walk_ms",
      "value": 70.4,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_walk_count",
      "value": 200.0,
      "unit": "files"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "small_delete_ms",
      "value": 812.5,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "seq_write_mbps",
      "value": 643.0,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "seq_read_direct_mbps",
      "value": 1331.2,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "seq_read_warm_mbps",
      "value": 8601.6,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_create_ms",
      "value": 164.3,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_create_files_per_s",
      "value": 1217.5,
      "unit": "files/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_walk_ms",
      "value": 4.6,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_walk_count",
      "value": 200.0,
      "unit": "files"
    },
    {
      "phase": "rounds",
      "sample": "5",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "small_delete_ms",
      "value": 6.9,
      "unit": "ms"
    },
    {
      "phase": "sweep",
      "sample": "64",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "durable_write_wall_s",
      "value": 0.25,
      "unit": "s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "sweep",
      "sample": "64",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "durable_write_mbps",
      "value": 253.7,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "sweep",
      "sample": "256",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "durable_write_wall_s",
      "value": 1.49,
      "unit": "s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "sweep",
      "sample": "256",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "durable_write_mbps",
      "value": 172.2,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "sweep",
      "sample": "1024",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "durable_write_wall_s",
      "value": 5.2,
      "unit": "s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "sweep",
      "sample": "1024",
      "tier": "persistent",
      "metric": "durable_write_mbps",
      "value": 196.9,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "sweep",
      "sample": "64",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "durable_write_wall_s",
      "value": 0.1,
      "unit": "s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "sweep",
      "sample": "64",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "durable_write_mbps",
      "value": 630.7,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "sweep",
      "sample": "256",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "durable_write_wall_s",
      "value": 0.34,
      "unit": "s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "sweep",
      "sample": "256",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "durable_write_mbps",
      "value": 757.2,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "sweep",
      "sample": "1024",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "durable_write_wall_s",
      "value": 1.07,
      "unit": "s"
    },
    {
      "phase": "sweep",
      "sample": "1024",
      "tier": "ephemeral",
      "metric": "durable_write_mbps",
      "value": 953.8,
      "unit": "MB/s"
    }
  ]
}